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Contract and remote water operations in West Virginia

West Virginia has no code definition of 'contract operator.' The rules only name a Chief Operator, and contracting runs through an operator-side listing form, not a system-side filing.

Updated on: 2026-07-16

So you want to run water systems for a living

Being a contract operator means carrying responsible charge for systems you don't own, on rules that change at every state line. This page holds what this state actually requires, cited to the current rule text and dated. If you're earlier in the journey, start with the guides below.

What it takes at a glance
2026-07-16

Drinking water

License basis
Chief Operator's certification class must be 'equal to or higher than the system classification.' PWS classes (64CSR4 §64-4-4) are: 1D (transient non-community, groundwater only, no gas-chlorine/nitrate-nitrite treatment); Class R (non-transient PWS retreating another PWS's finished water); WDS (water distribution system, obtains all water from another PWS, not owned/operated by supplier); Class I (under 10,000 population without primary-contaminant treatment, or transient systems with chlorine/chlorine-dioxide disinfection); Class II (groundwater under 10,000 with primary-contaminant treatment, OR groundwater 10,000+ without treatment, OR surface/GUDI under 10,000); Class III (groundwater 10,000+ with primary-contaminant treatment, OR surface/GUDI 10,000-19,999); Class IV (community/non-transient non-community with GUDI or surface-water source, population 20,000+, with treatment).
Operator of record
Chief Operator, the ORC-equivalent role for drinking water, defined in 64CSR4 §64-4-3 and required by §64-4-5 ('Employ a Chief Operator with a certification equal to or higher than the system classification, except for 1D and Class R PWSs').
Minimum site visits
1D and WDS systems: operator present at least once every day to ensure proper operation. Class I systems: a Class I or higher operator must be present at all times water quality decisions are made. Full table for Class II-IV (hours/week by class) was not isolated verbatim in our review, likely resides in a Table 64-4A attachment not rendered in our review.

Wastewater

License basis
Chief Operator's certification class must be 'equal to or higher than the system classification.' Wastewater classes (64CSR5 §64-5-4) are set by permitted flow capacity and treatment complexity: Class H (<600 gpd); Class S (>600 gpd to ≤0.05 MGD); Class C (collection systems upstream of treatment, excludes Class S facilities); Class I (>0.05 to ≤1.0 MGD); Class II (>1.0 to ≤1.75 MGD); Class III (>1.75 to <6.0 MGD); Class IV (≥6.0 MGD); plus an 'Advanced' designation for specialized processes (membrane filtration, separate nitrification/denitrification, phosphorus removal, etc.) approved by the Commissioner.
Operator of record
Chief Operator, the ORC-equivalent role for wastewater, defined in 64CSR5 §64-5-3 and required by §64-5-5 ('Employ a Chief Operator with certification equal to or higher than the system classification, except for Class H, Class S, and Class C systems').
Minimum site visits
Class II, III, and IV wastewater systems must be operated on-site at least 40 hours per week by an operator certified equal to or greater than the system classification. Class H, S, C, and I systems have less prescriptive on-site standards but are subject to the 24/7 on-call requirement (see availability_rule).
Contract filing
No standalone 'file your contract with the state' requirement found in 64CSR4/64CSR5 text. The functional filing mechanism is the 24-hour employment-status-change notification (both DW and WW) plus the annual personnel status report (DW). Separately, the C&T Program's Form EW-76 lets an individual operator request inclusion on the state's Contract Operator List, an operator-side listing action, not a system-side contract-filing requirement. No system-side 'we hired a contract operator' filing form was located in our review.
Max systems
SILENT, no numeric cap on systems-per-operator, staffing-plan threshold, or distance-based provision found in 64CSR4 or 64CSR5 (Checked Required Personnel §§64-4-5/64-5-5 and Education/Qualification §§64-4-7/64-5-6, none impose a per-operator systems cap). The DW rule does note a PWS may have more than one Chief Operator where jurisdiction is bifurcated between distribution and treatment, or otherwise by written Commissioner approval, a bifurcation allowance, not a systems-per-operator cap.
Remote operation
Silent. SILENT, see remote_ops_status. No rule text found addressing whether remote/SCADA-monitored time can be credited toward the on-site attendance hours (e.g., the WW 40-hrs/week-on-site standard for Class II-IV) or the DW daily-presence/always-present-for-water-quality-decisions standards. This is a meaningful gap relative to states (e.g., Virginia) that explicitly allow remote-monitoring credit toward attendance.

What it takes to be a contract operator here

West Virginia's rules (64CSR4 for drinking water, 64CSR5 for wastewater) never define "contract operator." What they do define is Chief Operator: the certified person the owner puts in charge of running the system day to day and keeping it within state and federal rules. Contracting runs through paperwork instead of a code term. An operator files Form EW-76 to ask the state to add them to its Contract Operator List.

The Chief Operator's certification has to match or beat the system's class. On drinking water, classes run from 1D (small systems, on groundwater, that don't serve the same people every day) and Class R (systems that just retreat water someone else already treated) up through Class I, II, III, and IV, based on how many people the system serves, where the water comes from, and how complex the treatment is (64CSR4 §64-4-4). Wastewater classes are set by how much flow the plant handles and how complex the treatment is: Class H under 600 gallons a day, up through Class IV at 6 million gallons a day or more, plus an Advanced label for specialized treatment (64CSR5 §64-5-4).

Both codes require the owner to "employ a Chief Operator with a certification equal to or higher than the system classification" (§64-4-5, §64-5-5), except for the smallest classes on each side.

Source: 64CSR4 §64-4-4 and 64CSR5 §64-5-4, verified 2026-07-16.

Who can be the operator of record?

West Virginia's version of what other states call "operator in responsible charge," the person legally on the hook for how the system runs, is called Chief Operator. Both codes define it the same way: the certified operator the owner designates to manage daily operations and keep the system in compliance (64CSR4 §64-4-3; 64CSR5 §64-5-3). The code doesn't spell out a separate filing step for the designation itself. It shows up through a reporting duty instead: owners must tell the Commissioner within 24 hours of any certified operator's employment status change, and drinking water owners file an annual personnel status report every July 15 listing who's designated.

We didn't find West Virginia's rules drawing a "your monthly sampler isn't your operator of record" line in so many words. The closest the code gets: wastewater Chief Operators must be full-time employees of the owner, except at Class C and Class I systems, where contract arrangements are built in.

Source: 64CSR4 §64-4-3 and 64CSR5 §64-5-3, verified 2026-07-16.

Paperwork and deadlines

There's no standalone "file your contract with the state" rule in 64CSR4 or 64CSR5. The real filing mechanism is the 24-hour notice: any change in a certified operator's or operator-in-training's employment status has to reach the Commissioner within a day. Drinking water owners also file an annual personnel report, due each July 15 for the year as of July 1.

Separately, Form EW-76 lets an individual operator ask to be added to the state's Contract Operator List. That's the operator applying for visibility, not the system filing a contract. No numbered form for the system's side of a contract-operator arrangement turned up in what we reviewed.

Source: Form EW-76, C&T Program forms page, verified 2026-07-16.

How many systems can one operator run?

West Virginia leaves this open too: no maximum number of systems per operator, no staffing-plan trigger, no distance requirement, on either the drinking water or wastewater side. We checked the personnel and qualification sections on both sides and found the same silence.

The one related rule: a drinking water system can have more than one Chief Operator when responsibility splits between distribution and treatment, or with written Commissioner approval. That lets one system split the job, it's not a cap on how many systems one operator can run.

Site visits and remote operation

Silent. SILENT, see remote_ops_status. No rule text found addressing whether remote/SCADA-monitored time can be credited toward the on-site attendance hours (e.g., the WW 40-hrs/week-on-site standard for Class II-IV) or the DW daily-presence/always-present-for-water-quality-decisions standards. This is a meaningful gap relative to states (e.g., Virginia) that explicitly allow remote-monitoring credit toward attendance.

Wastewater sets the clearer floor: Class II, III, and IV systems need an on-site operator, certified at or above the system's class, for at least 40 hours a week (64CSR5 §64-5-5). Every wastewater operator on a Class H, S, C, or I system, and every Class II-IV operator, has to be on call 24 hours a day, seven days a week.

Drinking water is thinner. The smallest systems, 1D and WDS, need an operator on-site at least once a day. Class I systems need a Class I or higher operator present whenever someone's making a water quality decision. We didn't find a published hours-per-week table for Class II through IV drinking water systems in what we could pull; it may sit in a table attachment in this review didn't reach.

Remote and SCADA-monitored time (SCADA is the system many plants use to watch equipment and alarms from offsite) isn't addressed either way in 64CSR4 or 64CSR5. Neither code says whether it counts toward the attendance standards above, so treat this as open until the state confirms it.

Source: 64CSR5 §64-5-5, verified 2026-07-16.

Getting listed as an operator for hire

West Virginia's Contract Operator List (administered by the C&T Program, Office of Environmental Health Services)

West Virginia's Contract Operator List is run by the Certification and Training Program (C&T Program) inside the Office of Environmental Health Services. A certified operator gets on it by filing Form EW-76, "Request to be Included on the West Virginia's Contract Operator List," with the C&T Program.

We couldn't independently verify the form's full eligibility fields (minimum certification level, any business-registration ask) because the direct PDF host didn't load for us. Pull the current form from the C&T Program's forms page before you rely on it.

Source: C&T Program forms page, verified 2026-07-16.

Open the registry

The business side

64CSR4 and 64CSR5 regulate the person, not the business behind them. Neither writes in an insurance, bonding, or business-registration requirement for working as a contract operator. West Virginia's general business registration and the Contractor Licensing Board's rules still cover businesses broadly, construction and line-work trades included, but neither singles out contract operators specifically.

The one contract-operator-specific step we found is Form EW-76 itself, and it's an individual certification-holder's request to be listed, not a business filing.

Carry liability insurance anyway

Most states don't make liability insurance a condition of holding a license. Carry it anyway. EPA's operator hiring guide puts it on the short list of questions every board should ask a contract operator: do you have liability insurance, and does it name the utility?

The reason is simple. You are making calls that affect public drinking water on systems you don't own. If something goes wrong, an uninsured operator puts the board's whole trust in you on the line, and boards that have been burned know to ask. Showing up to the first conversation with coverage in hand, and the certificate to prove it, closes the question before it opens. Talk to an insurance agent who handles utility contractors; policies that name each system you serve are the norm in this business.

You stay an operator. The app carries the backbone.

Every system you operate on one map, with the records, work orders, and compliance schedule your crew actually uses. We run our own contract operation on it, so the demo is the real thing, not a sandbox.

Verify against the current rules

Confirm current text with West Virginia's Certification and Training Program (Office of Environmental Health Services) before you sign anything. Several fields above came back silent in what we reviewed, so treat those as open questions to raise directly with the agency.

Rules change. Check the current text before you commit.

WV Dept. of Health: Env. Health Services: Env. Engineering Div.

Contract operating in a nearby state?

Rules change at the state line. These neighbors have their own pages.